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Suzanne LaFlesche Picotte (June 17, 1865 – September 18, 1915) was an Omaha Indian doctor and reformer in the late 19th century. She is widely acknowledged as the first female Native American physician.〔Tong (1999), 87〕 She campaigned for public health and for the formal, legal allotment of land to members of the Omaha tribe. Picotte was an active social reformer as well as a physician. She worked to discourage drinking on the reservation where she worked as the physician, as part of the temperance movement of the 19th century. Picotte also campaigned against tuberculosis, as part of a public health campaign on the reservation. She also worked to help other Omaha navigate the bureaucracy of the Office of Indian Affairs and receive the monies owed to them for the sale of their land. ==Early life== Suzanne (also spelled Susan) LaFlesche Picotte was born in June 1865 on the Omaha reservation in eastern Nebraska. Picotte's parents were both biracial and had had experiences beyond the borders of the reservation. Her mother, Waoo-Winchatcha (Mary Gale), was half French and half Omaha and understood French and English, but she never spoke any other language but Omaha.〔Tong (1999), 13〕 Her father, Joseph LaFlesche, also called Iron Eye, was also half white and half Omaha. Like Waoo-Winchatcha, he identified himself as Omaha. He had been educated in St. Louis, but returned to the reservation as a young man, where he was adopted by Chief Young Elk in 1853 and became the principal leader of the Omaha tribe around 1855.〔Tong (1999), 13〕 Iron Eye sought to help his people by encouraging assimilation, particularly through the policy of land allotment, which caused some friction among the Omaha.〔Swetland (1994), 203〕 Picotte was the youngest of four girls, including her sisters Susette (1854-1903), Rosalie (1861-1900), and Marguerite (1862-1945).〔Tong (1999) 21〕 Her older half-brother Francis La Flesche later became renowned as a Native American ethnologist, anthropologist and musicologist who focused on Omaha and Osage culture. As she grew, she learned the traditions of her heritage, but her father, feeling that certain native rituals would be detrimental in the white world, kept his youngest daughter from receiving an Omaha name or traditional tattoos across her forehead.〔Tong (1999), 25〕 She spoke Omaha with her parents, but her father and oldest sister Susette encouraged her to speak English with her sisters.〔Tong (1999), 31〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Susan La Flesche Picotte」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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